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Introduction to Amazon CloudFront

Overview

We live in a busy world, where everyone is trying to get at much done as possible, as fast as possible. And thanks to the “Gig Economy”, time is an even more crucial and costly commodity than ever before.

We’ve all been in the situation where we’re trying to find something online. Maybe it’s research for work or a school paper, or perhaps we’re trying to find the perfect anniversary gift for a loved one, but the website we’re on is taking ten hours to load (we tend to get hyperbolic when waiting for web pages to load).

Google statistics tell us that most people will not wait for more than a few seconds for your page to load, instead they’re likely to leave your website, and check out your competition. In fact, loading speed is so important nowadays that Google uses it as a metric when ranking your site!

Even giant online retailers are not immune to the curse of impatience; Amazon reports the harsh reality of how they could lose $1.6 billion in sales per year for every extra second it takes their website to load.

To overcome website performance issues, there are a few things people can do, like optimising the code on your website or ensuring that the web pages aren’t too big. But considering how important high-quality images are to the overall user experience, this is not always easy or possible.

So, what can you do to increase the speed of your site? The most elegant solution is using a CDN, or Content Delivery Network. A CDN improves speed of the delivery of content through a group of servers, distributed over various locations, and caches the content at the edge. 

Amazon CloudFront is one of the most popular CDN’s on the planet, and can reduce your website latency by delivering data through 310+ globally dispersed Points of Presence (PoPs) with automated network mapping and intelligent routing.

How CloudFront works?

When a user requests content that you are serving with CloudFront, the request is routed to the edge location that provides the lowest latency (time delay), so that content is delivered immediately and with the best possible performance.

If the content is not in that edge location, CloudFront retrieves it from an origin that you have defined, such as the web server, Amazon S3 bucket or streaming channel, that you have identified as the source of your content.

Lambda@Edge is an excellent feature of CloudFront that runs your code closer to users of your application, to improve performance and reduce latency. All this with zero server administration and to top it all off, you only pay for the compute time you use and will not be charged when your code is not running.

Security in the cloud is imperative, CloudFront utilises AWS Shield, AWS Web Application Firewall (WAF), and Amazon Route 53 that seamlessly work together to create a flexible, layered security perimeter against multiple types of attacks, including network and application layer DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks.

CloudFront’s Origin Shield is a centralized caching layer that helps increase your cache hit ratio to reduce the load on your origin. Origin Shield also decreases your origin operating costs by collapsing requests across regions, so as few as one request goes to your origin per object. Therefore, you serve the customer efficiently the first time and simultaneously save on costs as a result.

Benefits of Using Amazon CloudFront

1. Improved Security

With traffic encryption and access controls by use of Amazon Shield Standard, to defend against DDoS attacks at no additional charge.

2. Cost Savings

Cut costs with consolidated requests, personalised pricing options including pay-as-you-go, and zero fees for data transfer out from AWS origins such as AWS S3 and AWS EC2.

3. Encryption

Configurations with CloudFront over HTTPS provide secure end-to-end connections to the origin servers. In addition, you can encrypt specific fields throughout system processing.

4. Customisable

Customise the code you run at the AWS content delivery network (CDN) edge, using serverless compute features to balance cost, performance, and security.

5. Privacy

You can serve private content from your own custom origin using Lambda@Edge customizations by configuring the CloudFront distribution.

6. Developer Friendly

SDKs allow full integration with APIs and Amazon CloudFormation templates, and other developer and DevOps tooling, makes CloudFront easy to support automated IaC.

7. Availability

CloudFront’s native origin failover capability automatically serves content from a backup origin when the primary origin is unavailable.

8. Edge Computing

Redirect requests to language-specific versions of your site based on the Accept-Language header of the incoming request. Because these functions execute at all CloudFront’s edge locations, they can scale instantly to millions of requests per second with minimal effort.

CloudFront infrastructure and processes are all compliant with PCI-DSS Level 1, HIPAA, and ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 27001:2013, 27017:2015, 27018:2019, SOC (1, 2 and 3) and more to ensure secure delivery for sensitive data.

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